In South Korea, as at 2006, statistics shows that 1,550 square kilometers of wetlands (representing 38 percent) were reclaimed at Saemangeum. (A) Graph of species population along sampling points (T1, T2 and T3) indicates a decrease in number of species from point T1 (high nutrient content) to point T3 (low nutrient content); and (B) graph of concentration of physico-chemicals along within sites T1, T2 and T3. Located in the west-central part of Nigeria, Minna is a quiet and beautiful city in Nigeria. This method is suitable for granular fill. Re: List Of Igbo Towns In Nigeria. Potential environmental impact of land reclamation in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Land can either be physical or economic. Land reclamation impact the coastal environment in several ways (Table 1). Nearly one in six Africans is a Nigerian. Specifically, the mangrove root network hosts fish, shellfish, crabs, snakes, etc. This will however, take 1020years to stabilize. But in the last two months I have not caught a single fish. Coastal sites are preferred by land speculators because they usually off-city limits and isolated from the rest of the population. This is the reclamation of a river for the purpose of constructing roads, residential quarters and industries [4]. Homogeneous ideals such as customs, educational goals, and occupational goals all make up segregation. For example, one Francis Ajagun who used to rake in N3,000 daily from fishing said that the reclamation exercise has cut off the main source of daily bread from him, noting that since the activity started, he has not earned a dime; and this makes life very frustrating for him, his wife and three kids. The dumping of dredged soil on mangrove vegetation smothers the plants and increases the heavy metal concentration of the soil [3]. Narrating their ordeal to Premium Times last year, the residents whose hope of economic survival has been tampered with, have tales of woe to tell concerning their awful experience. Despite the negative consequences of coastal land reclamation to aquatic species, it can add some economic value if used for non-intrusive agricultural activities. Such administrative control of the land by the chief is referred to by The side of the sand filled area was piled up to form balkanization against the inflow of river water. This is because the organisms that reside in these areas are wiped out during the first phase of reclamation. For instance, oil field that is established in mangrove swamp. The most dominant species found was white mangroves (Laguncularia racemosa) (108) followed by red mangroves (Rhizophora racemosa) (104), black mangroves (Avicennia germinans) (77) and nipa palm (Nypa fruticans) (17). He said: Personally, I do not think that we are doing it the right way. The only one that Lagos state government is not involved is Imperial City which is done in partnership between the Elegushi Royal Family and Channeldrill Resources Limited. Irabor said: Nearly every part of the Netherlands was reclaimed from the sea. Some small towns, notably Minna, Uyo, Makurdi, Maiduguri, and Bauchi, experienced remarkable growth in population and economy after becoming state capitals. The law confers the mandate to implement it on the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMEnv) in accordance with this law. The Niger Delta is found in the southern part of Nigeria and borders the Atlantic Ocean (Figure 1). A combination of these activities leads to the acidification of the river causing fish deaths and physiological and reproductive problems of numerous marine organisms. The dredged soil that is evacuated from the river bottom is dumped on land surface and smothers coastal vegetation such as mangroves. Simplicity and transparency. Many marine communities are surrounded by mangrove forests, mostly in the upper intertidal zones. How? This includes zooplankton, phytoplankton, benthic organisms and fisheries. The project descriptions include shoreline protection and reclamation activities of over 1, 000 hectare of land and construction of a mixed-use development in the city. At about 345 people per square mile, it is also the most densely populated country in Africa. It is the result of abiotic (physical and chemical) and biotic agents of change. description of the basic customary land tenure rules in Nigeria. Centralization: these are lands that are regarded as focal points as a result of their economic value. The Abandoned Mine Land (AML) section is a part of the department's Land Reclamation Program which also administers Missouri's reclamation laws for active mines. Before reclamation the site is cleared, which leads to the destruction of native plant species within the reclaimed area [3]. Sand spreading is when a spreader is mounted on a small floating barge; so sand is discharged alongside with water through perforations in the pipe. Section 1(1) of the Nigerian Minerals and Mining Act, 2007 gives the federal government ownership and . In the same vein the wheel of the bulldozers fragments the soil particles and makes it porous and prone to leaching or wind erosion. Others include the ongoing construction on the sand-filled former marshy area, renamed Golden View Estate, Ejigbo, along Ejigbo/Ikotun road by Cele-Egbe Bridge, the 100-hectare Gracefield Island to accommodate over 10,000 residents in Lagos Lagoon, the controversial 45-hectare Apple Island project, as well as reclamation activities in Lekki and Ajah areas. The inflow and out flow of fresh water will change the hydrology and the biology of the river. Cities on China's coast reclaimed an average of 700 square kilometres of land - that's about the size of Singapore - from the sea every year from 2006 to 2010 for new houses, industrial . Permits are issued by DEC for annual terms of up to five years and may be renewed. Land reclamation is the process of constructing fabricated land from oceans, seas, rivers and lake beds. Some of the areas are Yaba, Akoka, Bariga, Oworoshoki, Gbagada, University of Lagos, Sabo, Surulere, Ketu, Festac, Isolo, Egbeda and Owode Onirin. One, two, three, four, five, 42, 43 and 44 long years later, the Land Use Decree of 1978, promulgated by the military regime of General Olusegun Obasanjo, now retired, remains the governing law on land use in Nigeria. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. A Federal High Court, Abuja, on Tuesday, dismissed a certificate forgery suit filed by the Action Alliance (AA) against Sen. Bola Tinubu, presidential candidate of the All Progressives Congress (APC). Oil companies clear coastal forest and set up oil wells and pipelines in swampy locations. Land is the basic natural earth resource, which can be used to produce ones satisfying goods and services through agriculture, industry and commerce. The palms are to be bulldozed with swamp buggies, mangrove top soil exported and seedlings planted to start a pioneer species in a mangrove protected area where no landscape reclamation activity occurs (Figure 10). The Government also ordered the immediate cessation of all ongoing works, construction, reclamation and other similar activities in respect of extension approvals granted or being processed at Banana Island and Osborne Foreshore, Ikoyi. This means they would be the ready pool of labour for construction projects and their tenements will be enhanced by the investment flowing into the site., Allaying the fears of the people, the commissioner said: The Lagos state government, as a responsible entity, pursues a policy of ensuring that Environmental Impact Assessment is done by every individual or corporate body that seeks to embark on projects. Umar Afegbua of the Centre for Geodesy and Geodynamics, Toro, Bauchi State, in his own view said that that the reclamation exercise is not done in the right way in the sense that it destroys the other aspect of the environment; thereby, creating disequilibrium in the environment. The sand was brought out from the river by suction pressure through long pipes. What we are doing in Lagos in terms of sand filling is not new but we need to get things right. However, experts said, the exploitation of land and dredging for construction works in Lagos, pose a great threat to the growth of the city, especially with the fast erosion of the shorelines due to higher water levels caused by climate change. The aim of acquiring land varies, but is mainly for possession and or production of goods and services to satisfy socio-economic and socio-cultural needs. The Missouri Department of Natural Resources is the administrative authority working through the Missouri Mining Commission. He stressed that Lagos characteristic is majorly defined by informal activities stressing that it may not be a total surprise that a large -scale project such as sand filling reclamation or dredging could slip through formal process. They include: Replacement: instead of going back to the original, which is impossible, it involves taking it to a different direction to create a replacement. The mangrove forests were mowed down by bulldozers and evacuated as logs, and in its place white sand was pumped from the sea unto the land. For instance, The United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat), in its article that x-rayed condition of the world cities titled Cities at Risk from Rising Sea Levels categorises Lagos as one of 50 cities most exposed to extreme sea levels. Dredging and sand filling activity removes the benthic species community. The way the practice is being done in Nigeria encourages subsidence along the coast. Sand mines are often abandoned after some years of operation. An example is the establishment of the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant in Bonny Island in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. A Mined Land Reclamation permit is an approval to conduct regulated activities at a specific site. 86 of 1992, which guides such projects. Segregation: this is when units or communities cluster together based on homogeneity of ideals or goals. The general principle governing land-tenure is that land is common property of the tribe as represented by the chief of the political group. Contact our London head office or media team here. Even the engines of our fishing boat are not spared. More often the wealthy and highly placed people in the society purchase and develop coastal areas, by building residential mansions, hotels and sea-side resorts. The method is a natural recovery and a passive method of accomplishing restoration. Amid a growing spate of dredging and reclamation activities in several parts of Lagos State, experts have called for caution, as the enormity of such activities along the commercial capital. Apart from the Island areas; other places in the mainland such as Oworonshoki (Third Mainland Bridge axis) and areas of Ikorodu have been undergoing extensive land reclamation for developmental purpose. Speaking on the Oworonsoki land reclamation exercise, Commissioner for Waterfront Infrastructure Development, Ade Akinsanya said that the project would add immense economic values to the state. By Jason Gordon, Adam S. Willcox, A.E. Land reclamation is also known as land fill, it is the process of creating new land from ocean, riverbeds or lake beds. 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A field observation made indicates that seeds at the end of the sand filled area had better growth than seeds at the mouth of the entrance of the balkanized sand. These days, it has transmuted into the Land Use Act (LUA), encapsulated within the Laws of the Federation of Nigeria 2004. The country features 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, which is known as Abuja.The country of Nigeria features over five hundred different ethnic groups, many different languages, and declared its independence from the United Kingdom on October 1, 1960. Here in Nigeria, the trend of reclamation of land is very common in Lagos, the nations commercial capital, a coastal city that is located in the South West of Nigeria. An example is a construction project such as the installation of infrastructure on reclaimed coastal areas e.g. Former mangrove forest that was converted to sand fill in Buguma, Niger Delta, Nigeria. The result indicates that Potassium and magnesium had the highest concentration. It is also referred to as the process of improving lands to make them suitable for more intensive use. Anthropogenic activities around the coast is detrimental to its sustainability because of the addition of pollutants and contaminants [5]. However, their predicament began when a company known as Nigerian Westminster Dredging and Marine Limited commenced sand filling project at Lagos Lagoon, at the foot of Third Mainland Bridge at Oworonshoki. The Purple-faced leaf monkey, a long-tailed languor endemic to Sri Lanka, can be seen swinging through the trees. There is nowhere along this zone that is more than 200 meters. Although they were not significantly different from each site (F2, 12=0.19, P=0.83). Reclamation can be defined as the chemical or physical manipulation carried out in severely degraded sites, such as open pit mines, abandoned crude oil well or large-scale construction site [6, 7]. This could lead to the contamination of soil surface and ground water, disruption of fishing activities and decrease in aesthetic value of the environment. These areas dominate the hinter land and are often reclaimed and sand filled to expand their economic potential. Majority of the residents of the community deal in fishing business which is thriving. The felling of trees and the uprooting of their stumps leads to soil fragmentation. Highly placed individuals prefer constructing their houses along coastal areas. Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. Not surprisingly, the country that is home to the largest population of the region also has by far the largest area under cultivation. Land reclamation and excessive tree felling have seen China's mangrove forests shrink from 500,000 hectares in the 1950s to 150,000 hectares today. 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