Using those samples, they identified candidate regions in the genome that, when mutated, seemed to explain tusklessness and its apparent male lethality. Poaching is artificially selecting for tuskless elephants who can better survive, mate, and pass on their genes to the next generation. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. eaht``wC(#U]}I)C This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. Propose a claim supported by scientific evidence to answer a research question. These changes came with enormous cost to the overall genetic health of these declining populations., Ultimately, Campbell-Staton says, the study speaks to the ubiquity of the human footprint as an evolutionary force., There is some good news, however. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Thanks for reading Scientific American. But why werent there any tuskless males?. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. Video Activity 7. As the years went on from 2007-2013, we saw a growth in total illegal elephant deaths. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Total: 129 a. adaptation, claim, evidence, frequency, phenotype, poaching, population, reasoning, selection, selective pressure, variation. 2 Homepage | HHMI BioInteractive | Elephant, Ap environmental science, Development From biointeractive.org Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. AQ` n& Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. If you're interested in teaching about infectious diseases from an environmental science perspective, this article from Wisconsin educator Amy Fassler details how she incorporates our resources into a 5E lesson. Let's Go! Lessons. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The first six weeks of the 15-week laboratory portion were conducted in a synchronous virtual format, using BioInteractive materials to teach the basic skills necessary to start the ethogram project. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Pooles observationswhich were used a few months later to support a ban on international ivory tradewere alarming, but they mostly made sense. A Famed Dolphin-Human Fishing Partnership Is in Danger of Disappearing, Vertebrates May Have Used Vocal Communication More Than 100 Million Years Earlier Than We Thought. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Explore our digital archive back to 1845, including articles by more than 150 Nobel Prize winners. The Click & Learn uses ongoing debates about the eligibility of certain female athletes to participate in women's events as an entry point for students to learn the processes involved in human reproductive development. hb```lJB This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). As of 2014, about 350,000 savanna elephants were living in Africa. v0E H+1Q` d hb```lRB This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Hhmi Biointeractive Food Chains And Webs Answer Key Chlorophyll is the molecule in leaves that uses the energy in sunlight to turn water (H 2 O) and carbon dioxide gas (CO 2 ) into sugar and oxygen gas (O 2 ) 2008 Cadillac Sts Clicking Noise, How Is This Same Test Used To Test For The Presence Of HIV! This is a beautiful study that is certain to become a textbook example of how intense human exploitation of wildlife can rapidly change the natural world, says Jeffrey Good, a mammalian evolutionary geneticist at the University of Montana, who was not involved in the research. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. The researchers first needed to determine whether it was actually the selection from poaching that led to a disproportionate number of tuskless individuals or if it was just some fluke of chance that emerged as the population crashed. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. %%EOF Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Discover implementation ideas, lesson sequences, resource modifications, quick tips, and more in this collection of videos and in-depth articles. Not only do animals die due to poaching, but there is also additional decline because half of the male offspring from the surviving tuskless mothers do not survive., Good agrees that the findings are alarming. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. No rights are granted to use HHMIs or BioInteractives names or logos independent from this Resource or in any derivative works. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. Ordered sequences of BioInteractive resources for teaching a course, unit, or lesson. HS-LS1.A, HS-LS1.B, HS-LS3.B, HS-LS4.ASEP6, SEP8, IST-1.P, IST-1.J, IST-2.E, IST-4.A; SP1, SP2, SP4, SP6, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Cellular and Molecular Biology Resources, Desktop App - macOS 10.10 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Desktop App - Windows 7 or later, 64-bit (ZIP), Science Says: Sex and Gender arent the same, Dante's Story: Genomics and Hemimegalencephaly. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. 316 0 obj <>stream Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Description. %%EOF This has left a notable gap in the literature that the new paper helps to fill. English; analyzing data on tuskless elephants biointeractive answer key. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants. 6. In . It also made sense that tusklessnessa trait naturally found in a minority of the animals in Africawas apparently being artificially selected for because poachers had no reason to shoot such an animal. pe*X|Xem&5*d X;d3^"kNIc rH+d ``s2AJn#*d9X;DAge`0?k G After making these observations, Campbell-Staton decided it was time to use a whole-genome analysis to pinpoint the potential genetic factors. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. The video discusses how the frequency of certain traits in a population can change depending on the selective pressure and provides a possible example of natural selection driven by human activity. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. 452 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<236583C912FAC64F88BAF3D554E36451>]/Index[415 68]/Info 414 0 R/Length 157/Prev 328511/Root 416 0 R/Size 483/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Planarians can be used to investigate a variety of biological phenomena like animal behavior, mitosis, taxonomy, and more. Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. An audio descriptive version of the film is available via our media player. Many families lacked older femalesand many of those females had no tusks. Answers may vary. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. By watching segments of this video, students will follow the analyses and discoveries of Joyce Poole, a scientist who has studied elephants for many years. Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. II. This film describes natural selection and adaptation in populations of rock pocket mice living in the American Southwest. One type of evidence they use is genetic data. Thanks for reading Scientific American. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. endstream endobj startxref 6. Key Concepts. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. 482 0 obj <>stream It is important to track how many elephants are left and where they live to help protect them. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. 3. a. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. This activity builds on information presented in the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants endstream endobj 256 0 obj <. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? This interactive module explores examples of how changes in one species can affect species at other trophic levels and ultimately the entire ecosystem. 2. endstream endobj 416 0 obj <. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. 7. This tool can be used to add pause points, questions, and labels to any BioInteractive video. endstream endobj startxref This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Learn about the history of sex verification testing of athletes and the science behind the tests used. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). endstream endobj startxref Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. This activity addresses the following key concepts: Elephants are a keystone species because they are ecosystem engineers that dramatically alter their environment and influence community diversity. (The first six weeks, as well as the culminating project . This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Why no tusks? The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. Most African elephants have tusks, but some never grow them especially in places that have a history of poaching, like Gorongosa National Park. Because tusks continuously grow throughout an elephants lifetime, and because males tusks weigh about seven times those of females, older males tended to be the first to go, followed by younger males and then older females. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. 0 What Poole found perplexing, though, was that tusklessness did not seem to affect males, despite the fact that they were poachers primary targets. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. %%EOF Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Moth Mimicry: Using Ultrasound to Avoid Bats. In population simulations, the researchers confirmed that it is extremely unlikely that tusklessness would have changed so drastically by chance alone. Determine whether scientific results confirm or contradict a hypothesis. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots. This study is among the first to show that selective killing of large vertebrates can have a direct impact on evolutionary change, says Fanie Pelletier, an ecologist at the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec, who co-authored a perspective piece in Science about the research. Only Meat: 19/129 * (100%) = 14.73% b. %PDF-1.6 % Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, The Origin of Species: The Beak of the Finch, Combatting Problem Fatigue Using BioInteractive Case Studies in an AP Environmental Science Course, Exploring Regeneration Using The Planarian, Priming and Prioritizing Facilitated Discussions, Teaching About Infectious Diseases Using the 5E Model, Simplifying Case Studies Using Data Points, HHMI Expands Commitment to Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion, New Online Professional Development Workshops, Introducing a new BioInteractive experience. Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Answers may vary. Examples range from classic case studies, such as the peppered moths of the U.K. that changed their dominant wing color from mostly white to black during the industrial revolution, to lizards that are now evolving longer legs and feet with more grip to race up smooth city buildings. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. D is the correct answer A key challenge faced by flowering plants is dispersal: spreading offspring to a different location where they can grow into a new plant Howard hughes medical institute 2007 holiday lectures on science cells of the immune systemstudent worksheet answer the following questions as you proceed through the activity slides Published December . Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. In this inquiry-based activity, students engage in science practices to figure out why some people with a genetic condition that usually leads to sickle cell disease do not have disease symptoms. More than 30 years later, she finally may have her answer. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Shane Campbell-Staton of Princeton University, co-lead author of the new paper, has spent his career studying the ways that humans force such evolutionary changes across the tree of life. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. PART 2: Video Activity . Campbell-Staton and his co-first author, Brian Arnold of Princeton, were able to join forces with the other researchers to collect blood samples from 18 femalessome with tusks and some withoutthat would meet the genomic requirements for the project. BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. +A,2k]lJ^G@R`Y0~8!CNC!MM5V_.0mLt(P1Gh9 k1]8Ay0 Ik@ +Xndi) g[! As poaching in Gorongosa has been stamped out through sustained conservation efforts, the number of baby elephants born tuskless has begun to decrease. Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. Most immune cells develop from stem cells in the bone marrow. 11{TO8+J1FOf%E%12Xbtb?S`8,A 7 \K(Dc6@ UJ Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. hb```f``z' B@QKm>%QXP^miq4YtnT50WS'.*^916SqKi"%df%IE400(wt@*06sx9 g! Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. In particular, they often are missing their upper lateral incisorsthe anatomical equivalent of tusks in elephants. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. It also includes a library of ready-to-use videos with embedded questions. Suggest some ways to reduce the number of elephants that are illegally killed each year. Watch the Selection for Tuskless Elephants video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. II. Poachers, she knew, prioritized elephants with the largest tusks. hbbd```b``"WHg -,^ Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. What did Dr. Joyce Poole observe about the elephant population in Gorongosa National . Hear how educators are using BioInteractive content in their teaching. In 1989, when elephant ethologist Joyce Poole began carrying out surveys of three East African elephant populations to understand the impact that heavy poaching was having on them, she quickly noted several stark trends. Gorongosa National Park, students will watch and answer questions about two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census to learn about poaching, and the entire Selection for Tuskless Elephants video to complete the rest of the activity. Scientists . This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. Campbell-Staton was just as perplexed by this as Poole had been, and he soon struck up a collaboration with her and other elephant ecologists. The module also shows how mutations in genes that encode cell cycle regulators can lead to the development of cancer. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. But the proportion of tuskless elephants has increased in some populations. Most African . Most African elephants have tusks, but some about 2% to 6% of females and even fewer males never grow them. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. The added information provided at pause points within the animation How We Get Our Skin Color allows for a richer exploration of the topic of human skin structure and function. View details . View Tusk-less_Elephant_data_analysis_(Sep_17_2020_at_556_PM).png from AA 1Stude Activity hhmi | Biointeractive Student Handout Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants 9. 2. Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. These declines may be a part of Earths next mass extinction. Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. This pattern suggested to the researchers a sex-linked genetic origin for what they were seeing. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. Data Points are useful resources that use figures from the primary literature and guided sets of supporting questions. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. Additionally, disruptions to the same region of the X chromosome in humans is associated with a syndrome that usually causes male fetuses to abort in the second trimester. The accompanying worksheet guides students exploration. The study shows that tuskless male elephant offspring are not viable, meaning that population decline is accentuated, Pelletier says. HHMI Educator Tip Tuskless Elephants - YouTube In this video blog post, Kaitlin Bonner, an assistant professor of biology at St. John Fisher College in Rochester, NY, explains how she uses. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. The frequency of tusklessness, the team found, increased from about 18.5 percent before the war to 50.9 percent after. Math.N-Q.A.1, Math.N-Q.A.3, Math.S-IC.3; MP2, MP3, IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017), Teaching an Online Introductory Biology Lab Using Evolution and Ecology Resources, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license, Why no tusks? Poaching tips scales of elephant evolution, The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants, Using Genetic Evidence to Identify Ivory Poaching Hotspots, Using Data to Investigate Elephant Evolution, Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephants, Allele and Phenotype Frequencies in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Color Variation Over Time in Rock Pocket Mouse Populations, Look Who's Coming for Dinner: Selection by Predation, The Making of the Fittest: Natural Selection and Adaptation, Developing an Explanation for Mouse Fur Color, Simulating Evolution of a Rock Pocket Mouse Population.
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